In Joyce’s Finnegans Wake, Anna Livia Plurabelle (ALP), the wife of Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker (HCE), is the river-woman, who opens the novel and her monolog concludes the book and frequently transforms throughout the novel in different forms of “mythic, natural, cultural, and historical human manifestations across time and space, even as she is unbound by time or space” ( Reilly, 2020). Unlike Sigmund Freud, who insists on the innate biological differences in the personalities of women and men, Horney associates these differences with society and culture of a specific time and place rather than biology. Their driving principle is never to become so attached to people or objects that they become indispensable, as “hat would jeopardize aloofness better to have nothing matter much” ( Horney, 2013). According to Horney, people with detached personalities must not love, hate, cooperate with others, or become involved in any way. Horney, in her theory of neurosis, describes this situation as a trend of “moving away from people,” also known as a detached personality. The theory of neurosis, later on, was elucidated and explained by Horney (1885–1952). Familiar with psychoanalysis theories, Joyce (1882–1941) presents his later works, Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939) not pervert but more neurotic in style. In other words, an individual, bearing a normless personality, “stubbornly rejects all conventional rules and standards” ( Horney, 2013). Thus, as an individual sheds social norms, he or she experiences alienation, isolation, and estrangement both in public and private settings. In contrast, normlessness represents a condition where “the social norms regulating individual conduct have broken down or are no longer effective as rules for behavior” ( Seeman, 1993). According to Shah, “many of the problems of personality as well as society are mostly the problems of non-conformity to norms” ( Shah, 2017).
They are expectations of an individual’s behaviors, which take “the form of a rule that is socially rather than formally enforced” ( Durkheim, 1984). Norms are behavioral standards and obligational states that individuals must adhere to.
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